燕山南北地区新石器时代考古学文化序列和格局

THE SEQUENCE AND PATTERN OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES OF THE NEOLITHIC AGE ON THE SOUTH AND NORTH SIDES OF THE YANSHAN MOUNTAIN

一 序言 燕山南北指辽西、燕山及其南麓地区，北起松花江和辽河分水岭，南抵永定河、海河，西起大兴安岭南段的苏克斜鲁山，东到医巫间山、辽东湾西岸和渤海西岸。在末次冰期，海平面下降，浅海大陆架成为陆地，渤海成为内陆湖。全新世气候变暖，冰川融化，海平面上升，形成海侵。在距今一万二千年时海岸到达黄海北部，万年前海水进入渤海海峡。

The archaeological cultures of the Neolithic Age on the south and north sides of the Yanshan Mountain existed in 9000--2000 BC. Among them, the Zhuannian Culture existed in 9000-7500 BC, Xiaohexi Culture existed in 7500-6400BC; Xiliang Culture, which was roughly contemporaneous with Xinglongwa Culture, existed in 6400--5000 BC; Zhaobaogou Culture, Shangzhai Culture and Zhenjiangying Phase I Culture, which were roughly at the same time： Zhaobaogou Culture existed in 5500-4500 BC and Shangzhai Culture existed in 5500-4700 BC; Hongshan Culture existed in 4700-3000BC; Fuhe Culture existed in 5500 -3000 BC. The Hougang Phase I Culture existed in 4800-3900 BC; its early stage was contemporaneous with Phase IV of Zhaobaogou Culture and Phase I of Hongshan Culture and its mid and late stages were contemporaneous with Phase II of Hongshan Culture. Phase III of Hongshan Culture was roughly at the same time with Miaodigou Culture and Phase IV of Hongshan Culture was roughly at the same time with Banpo Phase IV Culture. Xiaoheyan Culture emerged during the Phase IV of Hongshan Culture, and existed during 3500-2000 BC. The remains of F18 of Shuiquan Site, Xueshan Phase II and DachengshanT8② were roughly at the same time, which was between 2500-2000 BC. The remains of Zhuannian Culture appeared on the south side of the Yangshan Mountain and that of Xiaohexi Culture were discovered on the north side of the Yanshan Mountain. In the zone curbed by Xar Moron River to the north and Luan River in the south, a cultural development area was formed. the cultures developed, evolved and replaced each other in this sequence： Xiaohexi Culture→ Xinglongwa Culture→Zhaobaogou Culture→Hongshan Culture→Xiaoheyan Culture. Except for Xiaohexi Culture, which has not been made clear, each of the cultures at its final stage had the following culture appeared, developed and replaced the old culture during its growing up. The Xiliang Culture and Fuhe Culture distributed to the north of Xar Moron River were the local aboriginal cultures. The strong cultures between Xar Moron River and Luan River, such as Xinglongwa Culture, Zhaobaogou Culture and Hongshan Culture, were con- tinuing advancing northward and scattered together with Xiliang Culture and Fuhe Culture. Shangzhai Culture was the aboriginal culture in the upper reach of Jiyun River; it was derived from Zhenjiangying Phase I Culture. The Hougang Phase I and Hougang Phase II Cultures and Shandong Longshan Culture went northward successively and occupied the south side of the Yanshan Mountain, which was the region for the archaeological cultures represented by cylindrical jars in Northeast China and that coming from the lower reach of the Yellow River to meet and merge.