威廉·克罗农的环境史研究中的主要观念探析

On the Main Ideas in William Cronon's Environmental History Studies

威廉·克罗农,美国著名的环境史学家,其学术著作《土地的变迁:新英格兰的印第安人、殖民者和生态》、《自然的大都市:芝加哥和大西部》等,均为美国环境史研究的佳作。克罗农的环境史研究内容很丰富,其中凸显的主要思想观念富有特色,并值得关注和重视。具体而言,他对环境史定义的探讨,展示了美国环境史研究领域的扩大和研究内容的细化;对资本主义文化的批判,则是他在反思中找寻如何更好地认识文化与自然关系的途径;而对"自然—文化"关系的解读,更着意于强调对"自然"概念的重新认识以及对"荒野"观念的重新建构。

William Cronon, who is a famous American environmental historian, has excellent academic writings such as Changes in the Land： Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England, and Nature＇s Metropolis： Chicago and the Great West. The profound research on the definition of environmental history shows the expansion of environmental history field and the enrich ment of the details. In criticizing the capitalist culture, Cronon has found a meaningful way to understand the relationship between culture and nature. In addition, his perception of ＂natureculture reconstruction＂ emphasizes the reexamination of ＂wilderness＂.