节水模式、用水效率与工业结构优化:自广东观察

Water-Saving Mode,Water Use Efficiency and Optimization of Industrial Structure:Evidence from Guangdong

以广东省的10个主要工业城市为研究对象，对其2003—2012年的工业产值、资本、劳动力、用水等数据进行单位根检验。数据通过检验后，对这些数据进行随机前沿分析，得出各城市各年的工业用水效率值，并通过效率值计算出各市的节水潜力。结果表明，广东省部分城市由于工业产业规模不足和一些高耗水行业用水量巨大而导致工业用水效率不高，节水潜力很大。提高我国工业用水效率，应优化用水节水模式，提升行业用水效率；消除区域产业集群的制度壁垒，促进产业集聚发展；完善水资源市场架构，建立价格引导用水模式；限制耗水产业发展．加快工业产业结构调整和升级。

This paper collects data from ten major industrial cities in Guangdong province by unit root tests, which include the data of industrial outputs, capital, labor and water uses from 2003 to 2012. After the data examination, the stochastic frontier analysis shows the efficiency values of industrial water use and the water-saving potential in each of the cities. The result in the paper shows that lack of industry scales and some high water consumption industries have caused inefficient use of industrial water in Guangdong. And great water saving potential can be seen. Four solutions are put forward to help better improve the situation of industrial water use. They are as follows. Water-saving mode should be optimized to enhance the efficiency of water industry. Institutional barriers of regional industry cluster should be eliminated to promote the development of industrial agglomeration. The water resources market structure should be improved and a price guiding water consumption mode should be established. The development of water consumption industries should be limited, and the industrial structure adjustment and upgrading must be accelerated.