春秋战国时期社会语言与社会观念渐变探析

Analysis of Social Language and Social Concepts Change During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

春秋战国之际,士大夫语言逐渐背离礼乐文化的束缚而表现出越来越多的随意性,这反映了周代礼制的衰落和社会伦理观念的改变。同时,贵族文人的艺术视野逐步扩大并下移,从各地不同的方言文化中吸取艺术营养,使方言地位得到上升。而动乱的社会又催生出游说之士和诸子百家著书立言之举,他们借助语言技巧或讲学谏言、或传达本派思想,竞争意识强烈。诸子与文人亦有较强的文艺观念,他们在书面语著作中使语言的表情与达意功能得到了完美的结合。

Under the background of social unrest during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the literati language gradually deviated from the binding of ritual and music culture and behaved more and more casually, which reflects the decline of the ritual system in the Zhou Dynasty and the change of social ethics ideas. At the same time, the artistic vision of noble literati gradually expanded and shifted down, absorbed nutrition from cultures around different dialect that rose the status of dialect naturally. The social unrest spawned political strategists and philosophers who were masters of languages. Depending on their language skills, they gave lectures, or conveyed thought of their own schools, showed a strong sense of competition. Philosophers and literary scholars also had strong artistic concept. In written works, they made a perfect combination of the two functions of literary language expressing feelings and conveying will. Social productivity development, turbulent social background and the development of human language and social concepts in the Spring and Autumn itself, jointly contributed to the change of social Period and the Warring States Period. language