商业秘密与传统知识保护

The Trade Secret and the Protection of Traditional Knowledge

传统知识保护主要是围绕文化遗产保护、生物多样性保护或者人权展开,作为一种知识产权法,商业秘密法可以保护持有人免受外来者不当地获取、披露和使用一部分传统知识。利用商业秘密法保护传统知识,可以增进少数民族与外来者(包括人类科学家、生物勘探者)之间的信任,鼓励有价值信息的披露,从而有益于整个社会。一般来说,侵害商业秘密有违反合同义务、违反非合同义务(诚信义务)、不正当获取三种形式。传统知识保护有"防御性保护"和"积极性保护"两种方法。

The protection of traditional knowledge mainly focuses on the protection of cultural heritage and biodiversity and protection of human rights. As a kind of intellectual property law, trade secret law canprotect the holder against outsiders＇ improper access to, disclosure and use of a part of traditional knowledge. The way that making use of trade secret law protect traditional knowledge protection can enhancethe the trust between indigenous people and outsiders （including human biological scientists, explorers）, encourage valuable information disclosure, which is beneficial to the society as a whole. Generally speaking, infringement of trade secrets has three forms： violating contract obligation, transgressing non-contract obligation （honesty obligation） and improper taking. There are two kinds of traditional protections：preventative protection and active protection.