宋代“脚体”时文与元代“股体”时文

“Jiaoti”Eight-Legged Essay of Song Dynasty and“Guti”Eight-Legged Essay of Yuan Dynasty

在现存宋代文献中朱熹最早提出时文"脚"的概念。宋代经义脚体与宋元十段文其实是一致的,争议的焦点是在破题和论述的散与偶上。从北宋熙宁至南宋庆元间,士人们对经义的形式更偏重于从破题对偶脚体时文角度来作经义,而不太强调十段文。元代"股"的概念及其经义考试继承了宋代的"脚体"时文的形式特点。这与宋代经义影响有关,元人尊朱,朱熹《诗集传》解题也常分两方面来说,所以元人套用两股之说来迎合朱熹之说。

According to existing literature,Zhu Xi is the first one who puts forward the concept of “Jiao”（ foot,refers to one of the dual viewpoints in the beginning of an essay）.The “Jiaoti”essay of Song dynasty is in keeping with the “ten part essay”of Song and Yuan dynasties,and the difference is the “foot”view-point,dual or sole.From Northern Song Xining period to Southern Song Qingyuan period,intellectuals lay particular stress on “two feet”essay,namely “Jiaoti”eight legged essay,but not the “ten part essay.”The concept of “leg”（for example,eight legged essay）and imperial examinations of Yuan dynasty inherit the form features of “Jiaoti”eight legged essay of Song dynasty.This has something to do with Song Con-fucian classics.Yuan people praise Zhu Xi highly,whose Shi Ji Zhuan also usually has “two feet”when making a point,so Yuan people use “two legs”essay form to cater to Zhu Xi.