环嵩山地区9000-3000aBP聚落分布与区域构造的关系

The relationship between settlements distribution and regional tectonics around the Songshan Mountain during 9000-3000 aBP

利用GIS叠置分析与统计分析,按照裴李岗、仰韶、龙山、夏商四个时期对环嵩山地区9000-3000 aBP聚落分布特征与区域构造及地貌的之间关系进行分析。结果显示,早期聚落分布与区域构造存在密切的关系,构造活动深刻影响着区域地形的高低起伏与地势的陡峭和缓,而早期聚落选址对于平坦地形的偏好使得聚落分布时空特征形成过程中与区域构造密切相关。由于主要受正断层控制,环嵩山地区东部华北坳陷与嵩箕台隆地带呈整体抬升与下降特征,区域发育有大量断块山地丘陵、断陷盆地、平原等地势平坦的地貌单元,大量早期聚落分布于这一区域,甚至一些海拔较高、顶部平坦的山地、丘陵顶部也有早期聚落分布。而边缘地带的熊耳山、外方山、伏牛山等区域,由于多为褶皱控制的褶皱构造山地,区域平坦地形较少,早期聚落则分布较少。环嵩山地区9000-3000 aBP聚落分布与区域构造关系研究表明,早期人类与自然环境的交互作用中,环境起到基础性作用,其为人类活动提供了不同自然条件的多种舞台。而人类活动在这一过程中具有主观能动性,其通常依据自身的文化特征,选择适合自身发展的自然环境栖息、生活。

Using overlay analysis and statistic analysis of GIS, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of 9000-3000 aBP settlements including Peiligang, Yangshao, Longshan and Xiashang periods, and the relationship between their regional tectonics and landforms around the Songshan Mountain. The results showed that there was a close relationship between regional tectonics and ancient settlement distribution. The tectonic movement profoundly affected the ups and downs of the landform and the steepness and plain of the terrain in this region. In addition, as the ancients preferred to take the plain terrain as the location of settlements, the ancient settlement distribution has a close relationship with regional tectonics. Controlled by the positive fault, the eastern part of the research region, the Huabei Depression and Songji Platform Uplift are characterized by overall uplift and depression. There were a lot of plain landform units in this region, such as block mountain, block hill, fault basin and plain. There were also many ancient settlements in this area, even at the top of the mountain and hill. Contrastively, there were mainly fold structure mountains controlled by fold at the edge of the research region like the Xiong＇er Mountain, Waifang Mountain and Funiu Mountain where less plain terrains and fewer ancient settlements were found. The research implied that the relationship between ancient humans and natural environment looked like actor and stage. A variety of combinations of natural conditions formed different environmental base. And the human beings subjectively tended to choose the natural environment which is suitable for them to live in the economic development according to their cultural characteristics.