全髋表面置换术后与正常股骨近端生物力学比较

Biomechanical comparison between resurfacing hip arthroplasty and normal proximal femur

目的通过三维有限元方法研究全髋表面置换术后股骨近端骨质区应力分布的变化。方法采用64排螺旋CT扫描获得正常股骨近端图像数据,重建股骨近端的三维有限元模型,对金属对金属全髋表面置换术后股骨近端和正常股骨近端应力分布进行量化研究,分析术后生物力学环境的变化。结果髋关节表面置换术后,股骨头近端上、前、后、下方4个区域均出现明显应力遮挡,应力峰值分别为0.60、0.57、0.66、0.79 MPa,遮挡率分别为99.80%、99.16%、98.92%、96.66%。股骨头远端大部分区域出现了应力增加,其中应力遮挡只出现在股骨头远端的后方区域,遮挡率为4.92%。术后股骨颈近端前方区域出现了应力增加,在上、下、后方区域出现了应力遮挡,遮挡率分别为16.48%、22.75%和7.83%;股骨颈远端下方区域出现了应力增加,其余区域出现应力遮挡。大粗隆区出现应力增加9.22%;小粗隆区域和股骨颈基底区出现应力遮挡,遮挡率分别为2.49%、14.44%。结论髋关节表面置换术后股骨近端大部分区域的应力分布和正常股骨相比非常接近,应力传递接近生理状态,可有效避免术后股骨近段明显的应力遮挡,同时保留了骨量,有利于患者正常的生理活动。

Objective To investigate the variation of stress distributions on proximal femur after hip resurfacing arthroplasty （HRA） by using three-dimensional （3D） finite element method. Methods The 3D finite element model of proximal femur was reconstructed based on 64-slice spiral CT scan image data. Both the stress distributions on proximal femur after metal-on-metal HRA and normal proximal femur were studied, so as to analyze the biomechanical environment changes after HRA. Results After HRA, the superior, anterior, rear and inferior area of the proximal femoral head showed significant stress shielding, with peak stress of 0.60, 0.57, 0.66, 0.79 MPa, respectively, and stress shielding rate of 99.80%, 99.16%, 98.92%, 96.66%, respectively. Increased stress occurred in most regions of the distal femoral head, while stress shielding appeared only in rear area of the distal femoral head, with stress shielding rate of 4.92%. Increased stress occurred in anterior region of the proximal femoral neck, while stress shielding appeared in the superior, inferior and rear area of the proximal femoral neck, with shielding rate of 16.48%, 22.7.5% and 7.83%, respectively. Increased stress also occurred in inferior area of the distal femoral neck, while the remaining area showed stress shielding. The stress in greater trochanter increased by 9.22%, and the stress shielding rate for lesser trochanter area and basal area of femoral neck were 2.49% and 14.44%, respectively. Conclusions Stress distributions on most regions of proximal femur after HRA were similar to that on normal femur, and the stress transfer was close to physiological status, which could effectively avoid obvious stress shielding in proximal femur and preserve bone mass, which Could contribute to normal physiological activity of patients.