遥感技术在环境污染监测中的应用

Application of Remote Sensing Technology to Environmental Pollution Monitoring

环境污染遥感监测技术具有监测范围广、速度快、成本低 ,且便于进行长期的动态监测等优点 ,是实现宏观、快速、连续、动态地监测环境污染的有效高新技术手段。介绍了应用于环境污染监测的可见光、反射红外遥感技术、热红外遥感技术、高光谱技术以及微波遥感监测技术 ,并着重阐述了遥感监测技术在水环境污染、大气环境污染中的应用。最后 ,指出了我国环境污染遥感监测技术存在的问题和发展趋势 ,建议尽快发展我国的环境污染遥感监测技术 ,以满足我国环境污染监测的需要。

Remote sensing technology is an effective way to continually, rapidly and dynamically monitor the large\|scale environmental pollution since the technology possess the advantages of low\|cost, regional and global, long\|term monitoring, and of real\|time or timely prediction. This paper summarizes the achievements of visible, reflected and thermal infrared, hyper\|spectral and microwave remote sensing technology applied to environmental pollution monitoring. The applications of remote sensing technology to water and atmosphere environment pollution monitoring are illustrated, including water turbidity analysis, oil pollution, urban sewage, water\|body thermal pollution and eutrophication. Finally, it is pointed out that the remote sensing technology of environment pollution monitoring exists much deficiency in China. And some suggestions on developing the technology are given as follows: (1) Utilizing remote sensing technology, it is necessitated to construct large\|scale real\|time monitoring and predicting system of environment pollution accidents. (2) Developing new remote sensing sensors and improving their performances in pollution monitoring. (3) Developing quantitative remote sensing monitoring technology for environment pollutants. (4) Integrating environment pollution remote sensing monitoring technology, geographic information system, global positioning system, and expert system, combined with ground\|environment pollution monitoring technology, constructing Chinese environment pollution monitoring integrated system.