飞行学员高频听力损失影响因素研究

Study on hearing impairment at high frequency among the flight cadets

目的:探讨飞行学员高频听力损失的发生率及相关影响因素。方法:采用多级抽样方法,随机抽取312例某飞行学院2011级、2012级、2013级学员,检测学员4、6及8kHz频段的听阈。以有无听力损失为应变量,以地域、吸烟情况、饮食习惯、耳鸣既往史、强噪声暴露时长、前庭功能、心品评分为自变量,采用SPSS 18.0软件进行t检验、方差分析及累加logistic回归分析听力损失的影响因素。结果:飞行学员听力损失发生率为18.9%。单因素分析结果显示吸烟组和不吸烟组听阈值在4、6kHz频段比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),喜辣饮食与不喜辣饮食组听阈值在4kHz频段比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同强噪声暴露时长组听阈值在4、6及8kHz频段比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且相同频率下随暴露时长的增加听力损失呈加重趋势。不同前庭功能分级组听阈值在4、6kHz频段比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。累加logistic回归显示:吸烟、强噪声暴露是4、6kHz频段听力损失的危险因素,前庭功能优秀是保护性因素。结论:听力损失在飞行学员群体具有较高发生率,吸烟、强噪声暴露及前庭功能水平与听力损失存在关联。

Objective：To study the incidence of hearing loss at high frequency and the related influence factors among the flight cadets.Method：Using multi-stage sampling method,312flight cadets were randomly selected from grade 2011,2012,2013.The level of binaural hearing threshold at 4kHz,6kHz,8kHz were measured by hearing-assistant evaluative apparatus.Whether or not have hearing loss was chosen as dependent variable.Territory,smoking,dietary habit,previous history of tinnitus,the noise exposure time,the vestibular function and the psychological quality were chosen as independent vailables.T test,ANOVA and accumulative logistic regression were performed to analyze the factors influence on hearing impairment by software SPSS 18.0.Result：The morbidity of hearing impairment among flight cadets was 18.9%.Results from single factor analysis showed that the levels of hearing thresholds at 4kHz,6kHz frequency had statistically significant differences between smoking group and non-smoking group（P〈0.05）.The levels of hearing thresholds at 4kHz frequency had statistically significant differences between spicy diet group and not spicy diet group（P〈0.05）.The levels of hearing thresholds at 4kHz,6kHz,8kHz frequency had statistically significant differences among different strong noise exposure groups（P〈0.05）,and that at a same frequency hearing loss increased when noise exposing increased.The levels of hearing thresholds at 4kHz,6kHz frequency had statistically significant difference among different vestibular function groups（P〈0.05）.Results of accumulative logistics regression showed that smoking and strong noise exposure were risk factors causing hearing impairment at 4kHz frequency,and excellent vestibular function seemed to be a preventive factor.Smoking and strong noise exposure were also risk factors causing hearing impairment at 6kHz frequency.Conclusion：Hearing impairment appears higher morbidity among flight cadets,and it has statistical correlation with smoking,strong noise exposure and vestibular function.