基于Maxent和GARP模型的日本双棘长蠹在中国的潜在地理分布分析

Potential geographical distribution of Sinoxylon japonicum( Coleoptera:Bostrichidae) in China based on Maxent and GARP models

【目的】日本双棘长蠹Sinoxylon japonicum是一种重要的林木蛀干害虫。该虫自1981年首次报道于云南昆明以来,先后在中国的10多个省市被发现。近年来该害虫在北京、天津和河北等地对国槐Sophora japonica的危害日趋严重。【方法】在本研究中,作者按时间顺序梳理了日本双棘长蠹在中国的分布记录,根据日本双棘长蠹已有分布记录及其主要寄主植物国槐在我国的种植区域采用了Maxent和GARP两种生态位模型对日本双棘长蠹的潜在地理分布进行分析。【结果】日本双棘长蠹在中国南方地区呈零星分布,而在中国北方地区较为集中。分布记录的报道时间呈现出由南向北和自东向西的局势,推测这种分布格局是由于其寄主植物所导致的:中国北方地区危害严重可能与国槐在中国北方的集中种植有关,寄主树苗在不同地区间的调运是其种群扩散主要原因。基于生态位模拟的结果显示日本双棘长蠹在中国具有较大的适宜生态空间,潜在地理分布范围较广,从北到南其适生区主要有:辽宁西部、北京、天津、宁夏、河北、山西南部、山东、陕西、江苏、安徽、湖北、重庆、浙江、江西、湖南以及四川和贵州西北部。【结论】这些地区间的树苗转运需要做好检验检疫工作,以防止日本双棘长蠹的扩散。

[ Aim ] Sinoxylon japonicum is a serious forest borer species. Since the first detection of its occurrence in Kunming, Yunnan Province in 1981, S. japonicum has been reported as occurring in morethan 10 provinces and cities in China. Currently, it has caused substantial damages to the pagoda tree Sophora japonica in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. [ Methods ] In this study, we sorted the occurrencerecords of S. japonicum in chronological order, and further predicted its potential distribution using two ecological niche models, i. e., Maxent and GARP. [ Results ] The results indicate that S. japonicum isdistributed sporadically in southern China, but in clusters in northern China. The distribution of this pest indicates an increasing trend from south to north and from east to west in China. We speculate that theoutbreaks of S. japonicum in northern China might be due to the concentrated planting of S. japonica there, and its spreading might be due to the transportation of infested hosts. The results of ecologicalniche modeling suggest that large areas of China are suitable for S. japonicum. Potential distribution areas from north to south include western Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, Ningxia, Hebei, southern Shanxi,Shandong, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, and northwestern parts of Sichuan and Guizhou. [ Conclusion ] In order to prevent S. japonicum from further spreading, thetransportation of host plants between these areas should follow strict preventive regulations.