温度对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育及体液免疫防御能力的影响

Effects of temperature on development and humoral immune defense of Tenebrio molitor( Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae

【目的】探究饲养温度对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor幼虫生长发育和体液免疫防御的影响。【方法】测定了不同温度(18,22,26和30℃)下饲养的黄粉虫幼虫的发育历期、蛹重、化蛹率;采用抑制区分析法测定了不同温度下饲养的免疫(用生理盐水将大肠杆菌Escherichia coli配制成1×104个菌体/μL悬浮液,用微量注射器将其注入虫体腹部的背面,每头幼虫注射1μL)和非免疫(注射生理盐水)黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴的抑菌和溶菌酶活性,通过分光光度法测定了其酚氧化酶活性。【结果】结果显示,黄粉虫幼虫发育历期随饲养温度的上升而明显缩短(P<0.0001),而不同温度下蛹重(P=0.067)与化蛹率(P=0.869)差异不显著。免疫组黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴的抑菌、酚氧化酶和溶菌酶活性随饲养温度上升而降低:抑菌和酚氧化酶活性随温度变化差异极显著(P<0.0001),溶菌酶活性差异显著(P=0.013)。【结论】本研究结果表明,温度对黄粉虫的生长发育和免疫防御具有较大的影响,低温下黄粉虫幼虫的发育历期延长,但其体液免疫防御能力明显增强。

[ Aim] To explore the effects of temperature on development and humoral immune defense of Tenebrio molitor larvae. [ Methods ] We investigated the larval duration, pupal weight, pupation rate ofT. molitor reared at different temperatures （ 18, 22, 26 and 30℃ ）. After immunization treatment （ 1 μL of physiological saline containing 1 × 10^4 cells of Escherichia coli was injected into the back of abdomen ofeach larva ） and non-immunization treatment （physiological saline injected ）, the bacteriolytic and antibacterial activities in the hemolymph of T. molitor larvae reared at different temperatures wereinvestigated via inhibition zone assay, and the phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph was investigated by spectrophotometry. [ Results ] The developmental duration of T. molitor larvae decreased astemperature increased. There was a significant negative correlation between larval duration and temperature （P 〈0. 0001 ）, while the pupal weight （P =0. 067） and the pupation rate （P =0.869） didnot significantly differ at different rearing temperatures. The phenoloxidase, lysozyme and antibacterial activities in the hemolymph of immunized T. molitor larvae decreased with the increase of temperature.At different temperatures both phenoloxidase and antibacterial activities were extremely significantly different （P 〈 0. 0001 ）, while the lysozyme activity was significantly different （P = 0. 013 ）.[ Conclusion] The results show that temperature has significant effects on the growth and development and the immune defense of T. molitor larvae. At lower rearing temperature the larval duration lengthens andthe humoral immune defense significantly increases.