呼吸道感染患儿恢复期感染的危险因素分析

Risk factors for respiratory tract infections in children during recovery stage

目的研究呼吸道感染患儿恢复期感染的危险因素,并进行及时防治,以降低患儿恢复期感染率。方法选取2011年3月-2013年3月在医院确诊为呼吸道感染的患儿180例为研究对象,观察患儿早产史、生产方式、母乳喂养史、微量元素、医院感染情况及其免疫功能进行分析,确定呼吸道感染患儿恢复期感染的危险因素。结果 180例呼吸道感染患儿恢复期发生感染53例,感染率29.4%;单因素分析发现,患儿早产、免疫功能低下、出现医院感染、缺乏微量元素的身体特征时,其出现反复呼吸道感染的发病率分别为52.9%、42.3%、35.9%、50.9%,与未发生相应身体特征的患儿相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在单因素分析的基础上,确定患儿早产、免疫功能低下、出现医院感染、缺乏微量元素是影响患儿恢复的主要因素,应用多因素logistic对这些因素进行回归分析发现,早产史、免疫功能、医院感染、微量元素的OR值分别为5.89、2.58、3.59、4.17,这几个因素差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论呼吸道感染患儿恢复期的主要危险因素为早产史、免疫功能低下、医院感染、微量元素,需要及时补充患儿的营养和微量元素,改善免疫功能及加强医院感染管理,最大程度上减少患儿呼吸道感染的反复发作。

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for respiratory tract infections in children during recovery stage and put forward prevention measures so as to reduce the incidence of infections during the recovery stage.METHODS From Mar 2011to Mar 2013,totally 180children with confirmed respiratory tract infections were recruited in the study,then the history of premature delivery,delivery approach,breastfeeding history,microelements,incidence of nosocomial infections,and immune function of the children were observed to determine the risk factors for the respiratory tract infections in the children during the recovery stage.RESULTS Of the 180children,the respiratory tract infections occurred in 53cases during the recovery stage with the infection rate of29.4%.The univariate analysis showed that the incidence of recurrent respiratory tract infections was 52.9%in the children with the history of premature delivery,42.3%in the children with immunocompromise,35.9%in the children with nosocomial infections,50.9%in the children with lack of microelements,as compared with the children without corresponding physical characteristics,the differences were significant（P〈0.05）,and the univariate analysis concluded that the history of premature delivery,immunocompromise,nosocomial infections,and lack of microelements were the influencing factors for the recovery of the children.The multivariate logisticregression analysis of the factors indicated that the OR values of the history of delivery,immune function,nosocomial infections,and microelements were 5.89,2.58,3.59,and 4.17,respectively,the differenle was significant（P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION The major risk factors for respiratory tract infections in the children during the recovery stage include the history of delivery,immunocompromise,nosocomial infections,and microelements.It is necessary to supplement the nutrition and microelements,improve the immune function,and intensify the control of nosocomial infections so as to minimize the incidence of recurrent respiratory tract infections in the children.