苏联核工程初级阶段人才培养研究(1945—1955)

The Research of Talents Cultivation in the Initial Stage of the Soviet Nuclear Engineering(1945-1955)

在1945—1955年的初级阶段,苏联核工程面临人才短缺的严重问题。高校成为苏联培养核人才的主要途径。苏联领导层运用高度集权的政治体制和高度集中的计划经济体制,在很短时间内就建立起以莫斯科大学为核心、由17所高校组成的人才培养体系,为苏联核工程输送了大量高级专业人才。除此之外,苏联还通过大专中专、函授教育、短期训练班等方式,为苏联核工程培养中级和基层技术力量。在起步阶段的十年时间里,苏联核工程人才培养体系得以建立,人才短缺的问题基本得到解决。

during the year between 1945 and 1955, Soviet Union＇s nuclear project faced a serious problem of the shortage of trained professionals. Universities become the main path to get them. The leaders of the country, taking full advantage of the So- viet Union~ centralized political and economic structure, established an academic system of 17 Universities with Moscow Universi- ty at its center to meet the demands. Besides this, others forms of education such as correspondence college and training seminar are also adopted to cultivate middle and basic level technicians for the Project. In 10years, the nuclear project system were built which solved the problem of lack of professional workers and technicians.