人格嬗变与审美选择——论李渔及其小说戏剧创作

Personality Change and Aesthetic Choices——On Li Yu and His Creation of Novels and Traditional Operas

明末清初著名文学家李渔之人格极其复杂多变,但计其一生人格的主要发展脉络,乃是士人人格与商人人格及俳优人格之间的逻辑演绎。由于入清后清政府的政治高压与穷困所造成的生存窘境带来的双重压力,李渔可贵的士人人格最终蜕变为商人人格与俳优人格。李渔在小说戏剧创作上不无独到的贡献,但其士人人格的萎缩,及其商人人格与俳优人格的相结合,终导致其小说戏剧创作以浅俗的娱乐主义消解浓重的感伤主义,并用艺术仿真置换艺术真实,而不能臻于更高的小说戏剧创作之审美境界。

It is believed in this article that Li Yu, the famous litterateur of late Ming and early Qing dynasties, possessed an extremely complex and changeable personality. Concerning the development course of his whole life, however, it is a logical deduction of personalities of a scholar, merchant as well as comedian. Due to the difficult living condition caused by the political suppression and poverty of Qing Government, Li Yu＇s precious personality of a scholar changed into personalities of a merchant and comedian. He made a unique contribution to the creation of novels and traditional operas. Nevertheless, the contraction of his scholar personality, to- gether with the combination of merchant and comedian personalities, finally led to the replacement of sentimentalism and artistic reality by entertainment and artistic simulation. Higher aesthetic state for the creation of novels and traditional operas is thus unable to be achieved.