北京市城区失能老人家庭照顾者生活质量研究

Research on the Quality of Life of the Family Caregivers of Disabled Elderly in Beijing Urban

目的:了解北京市城区失能老人家庭照顾者的生活质量,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用方便抽样的方法,抽取北京市东城区60岁及以上的失能老人和其照顾者各744名,使用SF-36、社会支持量表以及一般社会人口学指标对主要照顾者进行测量。结果:配偶照顾者生活质量8个维度的评分较常模中同龄居民的评分比较均有显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。子女照顾者中,男性照顾者在除生理机能(PF)、生命活力(VT)和心理健康(MH)以外的其他5个维度的评分均较常模中同龄居民的评分有显著下降,女性照顾者在除PF以外的其他7个维度的评分均较常模中同龄居民的评分有显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。生活质量评分与其年龄、文化程度、患慢性病情况、与照顾者的关系以及每日照顾的时间有关。结论:长期居家照顾失能老人的模式导致照顾者生活质量显著降低,建议采取居家型照护和社区长期护理相结合的照护方式,减轻照顾者的负担,提高其生活质量。

Objective：To investigate the quality of life （ QOL） of family caregivers of Beijing urban disabled elderly , analyze its influencing factors.Methods： Select 744 disabled elderly who are 60 years old and above and their family caregivers respectively in Dongcheng District by the method of convenience sampling, to complete the health survey of SF-36 scale,Social Support Rating scale , and general socio-demographic indicators.Results： Compared with the general residents in the same age, the QOL scores of spouse caregivers group in eight dimensions were significantly lower, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.001）.In children caregivers group, the QOL scores of men caregivers in all other five dimensions except for physical functioning （PF）, vitality （VT） and mental health （MH） decreased significantly than the general residents in the same age, and women caregivers in all other seven dimensions except for PF decreased significantly than the general residents in the same age.All the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.001）.The influence factors of QOL are age, education level, the conditions of chronic disease, the relationship to disabled elderly, and daily care time.Conclusion： Considering that long -term family care for disabled elderly results in significant reduction caregivers＇QOL, we recommend the way combination of family care and community long-term care to re-duce the burden of caregivers and to improve their QOL .