典型草原栗钙土造林技术研究

Study on Afforestation Techniques in Chestnut Soil in Typical Grassland

作者以内蒙古正蓝旗典型草原的退化草牧场为试验基地 ,针对栗钙土造林主要限制因子 ,开展造林技术试验研究。在对试验区立地类型划分的基础上 ,进行了造林树种选择及引种驯化、集水整地试验、造林密度试验、防护林体系的结构配置、造林季节的试验、破除钙积层的试验等研究 ,同时对试验区防护林的庇护效益以草牧场产草量为指标进行了分析研究。经过研究提出“带、片、疏”相结合的防护林结构配置模式、“适宜本地区退化草牧场造林的树种选择”、“逆水平揭草皮开沟整地”、“植树穴低处堆设土围堰集水造林技术”和“典型草原地区四季造林配套技术”等的综合配套技术。试验结果显示 :造林成活率提高 2 0 % ,造林树种新枝生长量和保存率分别提高 1 5%和 6%。在防护林带间 ,经建植人工草地产草量提高 86%～ 31 3% ,天然草场产草量增加显著 ,提高产草量 65%以上。

Regarded degenerated range and pasture in typical grassland in Zhenglan Banner was the experimental base, in view of main limiting factor for afforestation in chestnut soil,the author made experimental study on afforestation techniques.Based on division of site type in experimental district, some studies have been done.For example, selection of afforestation tree species, introduction and domestication, experiment of catchment and ground preparation, experiment on afforestation density,test on structural disposition and afforestation season of protective forest system,experiment on removing calcic horizon,etc.At the meantime,study has been done on taking the yield of grass as an index of shelter effect of protective forest in experimental district.Complete sets of comprehensive techniques have been put forward.They are: model of structural disposition of protective forest combined with strip forest, sheet forest and open forest;Selection of tree species suited to plant in local degenerated range and pasture; Ground preparation by ditching and lifting sod along adverse horizontal direction; Afforestation techniques of collecting water in low place of tree hole by stacking soil coffer;Complete sets of afforestation techniques in typical grassland all four seasons.The results show that survival percent of afforestation has increased 20%, increment of innovation and preservation percent have separately increased 15% and 6%. The yield of grass in artificial grassland has increased 86%～313%.The yield of grass in natural grassland has increased over 65%.The degeneration of range and pasture has been contained.