茸鹿人工选育品种品系数量性状遗传参数的统计分析

Statistical Analysis of Genetic Parameters of Quantity Characters of Different Deer Species, Varieties and Strains

对我国人工选育的梅花鹿和马鹿 6个品种品系的 2 0多个数量性状的遗传参数 ,进行了统计分析 ,结果表明 ,变异系数除鲜茸重的较高之外 ,其他很小 ;公鹿的留种率很低 ,茸重性状的选择差很大 ;遗传力和重复力均较高 ;世代间隔较短 ;鲜茸重的遗传进展和年改进量较大 ;梅花鹿种公鹿的种用年限较短 ,并明显低于马鹿的 ;梅花鹿品种品系间和马鹿亚种间杂交F1茸重性状和繁殖成活率性状的杂种优势率非常显著 (P <0 0 1 )。此项统计分析为茸鹿的优质高效育种、提高纯繁选育速度、杂种优势利用、杂交培育新品种和育种规化及模式提供了科学依据。

Genetic parameters of more than 20 quantity characters have been analyzed in 6 varieties or strains including sika deer and red deer farmed in China. The statistical results show that variation coefficients are low except for fresh antler weight. Big selection difference in antler weight was found due to low ratio of stags being selected for breeding. Both heritibility and repeatability of antler weight were high. Both deer species have short interval between generations. Genetic achievement and yearly improvement of fresh antler weight were high. The duration for breeding for sika deer stags was shorter than for red deer stags. The performance, in terms of fresh antler weight and breeding survival rate, of F 1 of the hybrids between varieties or strains of sika deer and between subspecies of red deer was significantly higher ( P <0.01). The results obtained in this study could provide useful tools for deer breeding.