17世纪巴伐里亚与山东的农业生产恢复措施

The Measures to Revive Agriculture in Bavaria and Shandong in 17. Century

１７世纪前半期，德国经历了长达３０年之久的欧洲国际战争，中国也处在清军入关、明本社会大动荡的时期，两国的农业生产同时遭受了同样严重的破坏。但是，以巴伐里亚和山东省为例，德、中两国农民面对战乱灾荒的自救方式、两国统治者所采取的补救措施以及战乱过后两国农业的发展趋势却表现出根本性的不同。

In the first half of the 17. century, while Germany suffered from a thirty year international war, China was in the ending period of the Ming Dynasty when social unrest and the invasion of Qing troops through the Pass of Shanhai happened. The agriculture of both countries was severely damaged. However, great differences can be found in the ways of self-salvation of the farmers, the measures for recovery taken by the rulers after the war or unrest and the tendencies of the agricultural development in the two countries. This article dwells on the differences through analyzing the situations of two typical regions,Shandong Province in China and Bavaria in Germany.