论德意志关税同盟在德国工业化中的作用

On the Functions of the German Customs Union in the Industrialization of Germany

18 34年建立的德意志关税同盟是推进德国工业化的重要因素之一。它对内实行自由贸易 ,对外采取灵活的阶段性的贸易经济政策 ,为德国的工业化创造了良好条件。其主要贡献有 :统一内部市场 ,开辟海外市场 ,保护民族工业 ,鼓励机器、原料进口 ,加速资本积累 ,优化投资环境等等。在 1871年政治统一实现以前 ,该同盟为德国工业革命提供了最强大的动力和最根本的保证 ,促进了德国由落后的农业国向现代工业国家的转变 。

The German Customs Union (or Zollverein) established in 1834 is one the most important factors for the progress of German industrialization. This Zollverein practiced free-trade within the union, and adopted flexible and periodical trade and economic policies outside the union. And this consequently created good conditions for the industrialization in Germany. Its major contributions include unifying the internal market, opening up the overseas market, protecting national industry, encouraging the import of machines and raw materials, speeding up capital accumulation and optimizing the investing environment. Before the political unification of Germany in 1871, this Zollverein provided the German Industrial Revolution with the most powerful impetus and fundamental guarantee, promoted the transition of Germany from a backward agricultural country to a modern industrial one, and furthermore laid a foundation for Germanys rapid rise to be an industrial power.