粳型杂交稻稻米外观品质性状的遗传效应研究

Analysis on Genetic Effects of Appearance Quality Traits in Japonica Hybrid Rice

以宁 6 7A等 4个粳型不育系与 K172 2等 9个粳型恢复系进行不完全双列杂交 ,采用禾谷类作物胚乳品质性状的遗传模型及其分析方法 ,对粳型杂交稻稻米外观品质性状进行了遗传研究。结果表明 ,稻米的糙米长、糙米长宽比、糙米长厚比主要受母体加性效应控制 ,而透明度以母体加性效应和种子直接加性效应为主 ;垩白率、垩白度主要受种子直接加性和母体加性效应所控制 ,以种子直接加性效应为主。多数性状的种子直接遗传率、细胞质遗传率和母体遗传率均达显著或极显著水平 ,其中糙米长、糙米长宽比、糙米长厚比、透明度以母体遗传率为主 ,垩白率、垩白度以种子直接遗传率为主。另外 ,根据性状的遗传效应预测值对各亲本的育种利用价值作了评价。

Four male sterile lines and nine restorer lines were used in incomplete diallel crosses to analyze the genetic effects of appearance quality traits in japonica hybrid rice by using the genetic model and analysis method for quality traits of endosperms in cereal crops. The results indicated that brown rice length (BRL),ratio of brown rice length to width(L/W) and ratio of brown rice length to thickness (L/T) were mainly controlled by maternal additive effects, but translucency (TR)were mainly controlled by maternal additive and direct additive effects. Chalky grain rate (CGR) and chalkiness (CH) were mainly controlled by direct additive and maternal additive effects, with direct additive effect predominating. The direct, cytoplasmic and maternal heritability were significant or highly significant for most traits. Maternal heritability were the main parts of heritability for BRL, L/W, L/T and TR , but direct heritability were more important for CGR and CH. The potential breeding values of parental lines for the improvement of quality were discussed in respect to predicted values of genetic effects.