某居民楼使用不合格建筑材料的卫生学调查

Hygienic Investigation on Unqualified Building Materials Applied in A Certain Residential Building

目的 了解不合格建筑材料对居民楼室内空气卫生质量的影响。方法 对采用碱渣代替石灰用于内墙的某居民楼进行调查 ,调查设使用碱渣的受影响单元组、未使用碱渣的未受影响单元组和室外对照组 ,检测指标为 CO、CO2 、NO2 、SO2 、甲醛、可吸入颗粒物 (IP)、氯化氢、氨和空气细菌总数 ,现场检测 1天 ,上、下午各 1次 ,同时对居民进行健康询问。结果 受影响单元组室内空气 HCl、CO2 明显较未受影响单元组及室外对照组高 ,差异有非常显著性 ,受影响单元组5 5 %监测点空气中 HCl超出国家居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 ,受影响单元钢窗与墙壁交界处被腐蚀。受影响单元组及未受影响单元组甲醛、NO2 、NH3均较室外对照组高 ,差异有非常显著性。室外对照组的 IP和细菌总数均显著高于受影响单元组和未受影响单元组 ,各组的 CO、SO2 差异不显著。居民易感冒并有头痛、头晕、胸闷、上呼吸道炎症等症状。结论 使用不合格建筑材料影响建筑体本身质量 ,同时引起室内空气质量恶化 ,影响居住者身心健康 ,呼吁国家应尽快制订有关法规。

Objective To understamd the effects of unqualified building materials on indoor air quality of residential building Methods In the survey,3 locations for monitoring air quality were selected as follows,1 st room group plastered with alkali waste residue on the inner walls of rooms instead of lime,2nd room group plastered with lime and outdoor control group The levels of CO,CO 2,NO 2,SO 2, HCHO (formaldehyde),inhalable particulates,hydrogen chloride,ammonia and total count of bacteria in indoor and outdoor air were determined in the morning and in the afternoon in a day The questionnaires on residents' health was also carried out Results The levels of both hydrogen chloride and CO 2 in indoor air of 1 st room group were very significantly higher than those of 2nd room group and those of control group The levels of hydrogen chloride in indoor air of 55% monitoring points in 1 st room group exceeded the maximum allowable concentration ruled by National Sanitary Standard for hazardous materials in air of residential quarters Some parts of the sted windows of the 1 st room group were corroded The higher levels of formaldehyde,NO 2 and ammonia in indoor air were observed in 1 st and 2nd rooms groups compared with those in outdoor air of control group very significantly The levels of both IP and total count of bacteria in outdoor air were significantly higher than those in 1 st and 2nd room group The levels of CO and SO 2 in air revealed no significant differences among 3 groups The symptoms,such as headache,dizziness,chest tightness,easy to catch a cold and inflammation of upper respiratory tract were found in residents of 1 st room group. Conclusion The application of unqualified building materials not only resulted in adverse effects on building quality,but also the deteriorated indoor air quality and the impairs of residents' health It was appealed that the related national sanitary regulations refering to the application of building materials should be established as quickly as possible