水环境中微囊藻毒素研究进展

Advance in Study on Microcystins in Aquatic Environment

随着水体污染和富营养化进程的加剧 ,淡水水华暴发的频率和强度亦趋严重 ,笔者综述了有毒水华发生过程中释放的主要次级代谢物———微囊藻毒素的研究现状。该毒素是一类具有多种异构体的环状多肽物质。由于其毒性大、分布广、结构稳定 ,从而成为水环境中的潜在危害物质。对微囊藻毒素的产生、迁移及转化途径的研究已成为关注热点。微囊藻毒素作为安全性评价的风险因子 ,其分析方法主要有液相色谱和酶联免疫法等。为改善水源水质 ,逐步发展了包括物理、化学、生物等手段的控制方法。在总结国内外研究的基础上 ,根据我国实情 ,提出了微囊藻毒素在大型富营养化湖泊治理中的研究内容和方向。

The frequency and intensity of freshwater bloom grow worse as the pollution and eutrophication of fresh waters become more and more serious. The recent study of microcystins is present, which is the main secondary metabolites produced by toxic bloom. This toxin is a class of monocyclic heptapeptides with many different isomerides. It has become potential hazardous material in aquatic environments for its toxic, distribution and stability. The fate of microcystins also became the focus of research. As the risk factor of safe assessment, the main assay methods are HPLC and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The control methods using physical, chemical and biological ways have been developed to improve the water supply quality. The trend of research about microcystins is discussed based on the situation of China, which is an urgent need to the restoration of the large eutrophicated lakes.