农业水土资源高效持续配置战略

STRATEGIES OF HIGH EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE ALLOCATION OF WATER AND LAND RESOURCES FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES

水土资源对农业的约束不断硬化 ,并将成为 2 1世纪我国可持续发展诸多矛盾的焦点 ,2 0 1 0年缺水量将从现在的 4 0 0× 1 0 8m3扩大到 1 0 0 0× 1 0 8m3,1 996年～ 2 0 1 0年耕地占规模约 90 0× 1 0 4 hm2 。摆脱资源困境的基本思路是实施以“四个结合 ,六大体系”为核心的农业水土高效持续配置战略。“四个结合” : ①专业化与多元化相结合 ; ②开源与节约相结合 ; ③资源开发与保护相结合 ; ④国内资源与国际资源结合。“六大体系” : 农业资源高效持续配置的 ①生产体系 ; ②布局体系 ; ③技术体系 ; ④管理体系 ; ⑤保护体系 ; ⑥消费体系。

Since the 1980s restriction of water and land resources on agriculture has been intensified as a result of continuous conversion of water and land resources fo r non-agricultural purposes. Resources crisis for agriculture will become much severer than ever in the 21st century, water shortage will be expanded from pres ent 40 billion m ３ to 100 billion m ３ in the year 2010, and about 9 millio n hm 2 of cultivated land will be occupied for non-agricultural construction during 1996-2010. The basic way to free agriculture from water-land limits is to im plement strategies for high efficient-sustainable allocation of China's agricul tural resources. The strategies given in this paper refer to 'four combinations and six systems'. The four combinations consist of 1) to combine specialization with diversification; 2) to tap new resources and economize on consumption; 3) to combine exploitation with protection; and 4) to combine internal resources wi th external resources. The six systems cover 1) production system; 2) distributi on system; 3) technical system; 4) management system; 5) protection system; and 6) consumption system.