用幼苗法指示污泥和土壤中重金属的植物有效性

THE INDICATION OF HEAVY METALSPHYTOAVAILABILITY IN SEWAGE SLUDGES AND SOILSUSING PLANT SEEDLING METHOD

利用小麦幼苗与黑麦幼苗研究了污泥和土壤中重金属的植物有效性,并对二者进行了比较．结果表明,在两种污灌区土壤、四种污泥以及一种污泥施用于两种清洁土壤中,黑麦和小麦测定的Ｃｄ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ,Ｎｉ五种重金属有效性的顺序,以及有效性大小的数量级上是一致的;除了在污泥中,二者的茎Ｐｂ,Ｎｉ及根Ｚｎ相关不显著,以及在土中施用污泥后,两种植物各部位相关不好外,在污泥及污泥施于赤红壤各处理中黑麦与小麦相关均为极显著．上述结果表明,应用小麦幼苗可以替代黑麦幼苗指示土壤中重金属的植物有效性,但同时也应考虑不同植物间的差异。

The studies on the determination of heavy metals phytoavailability in sewage sludges and soils using wheat as well as rye seedling were carried out, and the comparison between two plant seedlings were conducted at the same times. The results in determining phytoavailability in 2 kinds of sewage irrigated soils, in 4 kinds of sewage sludges and in 2 kinds of clean soils applied with one kind of sewage sludge showed that both plant seedlings had same conclusion in phytoavailability sequence of 5 kinds of heavy metals in each soil and the value size of phytoavailability determined by rye and wheat is at approximately same order; and that there were more significantly correlation between phytoavailability determined by rye and by wheat except for Pb, Ni in stem and Zn in root in sewage sludge and every parts of plant in clean loessal soil applied with sludge.The studies above expressed that wheat seedling could be used to indicate the phytoavailability in sewage sludges and soils as well as rye, but the difference in variety of plants must be considering at the same time.