煤矿工尘肺发病分布与动态变化趋势

Study on the distribution of pneumoconiosis and its dynamic trends among coal miners

目的 分析和探讨我国 196 0～ 1996年煤矿工尘肺发病的分布特点与动态变化趋势。方法 采用Cox回归、寿命表和Gehan比分检验等分析方法 ,分析煤矿工尘肺发病的影响因素 ,探讨不同控制危险因素条件下煤矿工工龄别尘肺累积患病率的分布与差异。结果 入矿年代和工种是影响煤矿工尘肺发病的重要危险因素 (P <0 .0 1) ,纯掘工种尘肺患者和纯采工种尘肺患者的入矿年代分别主要分布于 196 0～ 196 9年 (85 .5 % )和 196 5～ 1974年 (6 9.8% ) ;纯掘工种 196 9年以前入矿矿工的各工龄段工龄别尘肺累积患病率为 0 .0 0 %～ 95 .5 3% ,明显高于该工种 1970年以后入矿的矿工(0 .0 0 %～ 5 .77% )和纯采工种 196 9年以前入矿的矿工 (0 .0 0 %～ 6 2 .10 % ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1) ;纯采工种 196 5～ 1974年入矿矿工的各工龄段工龄别尘肺累积患病率为 0 .0 0 %～ 14.95 % ,明显高于 1975年以后入矿矿工的 0 .0 0 %～ 3.86 % ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;纯掘工种与纯采工种各工龄段的工龄别尘肺患病率之间 ,自 1970年入矿年代以后差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 煤矿纯掘与纯采工种尘肺累积患病率随入矿年代的后移呈逐渐下降趋势 ,纯采工种的逐期下降幅度较纯掘低。

Objective To analyze and investigate distribution characteristics of pneumoconiosis among coal miners in China and its dynamic trends from 1960 to 1996. Methods Cox regression,life table and Gehan score test were used to analyze the factors affecting pneumoconiosis among coal miners and to investigate the distribution and diversity of cumulative incidence of pneumoconiosis among coal miners by exposure time under different conditions of controlling risk factors. Results The year of mine entrance and working types were two important risk factors affecting pneumoconiosis among coal miners( P <0.01).The year of mine entrance of pure digging and pure mining workers with pneumoconiosis mainly distribute from 1960 to 1969(85.5%),and from 1965 to 1974 (69.8%) respectively.The cumulative incidence of pneumoconiosis by exposure time among pure digging workers with the year of mine entrance before 1969 was 0.00%～ 95.53%,significantly higher than that of the same working type workers after 1970( 0.00% ～5.77%, P < 0.05) ;and also higher than that among workers of pure mining working type before 1969(0.00%～62.10%, P <0.01).The cumulative incidence of pneumoconiosis by exposure time among pure mining workers with the year of mine entrance between 1965 and 1974 was 0.00%～ 14.95% ,significantly higher than 0.00%～3.86%( P < 0.05) in pure mining workers after 1975.There was no obvious difference in the cumulative incidence of pneumoconiosis by exposure time between pure digging and pure mining workers with the year of mine entrance after 1970( P >0.05). Conclusion The cumulative incidence of pneumoconiosis in pure digging and pure mining showed a declining trend as the years of mine entrance went on,and the decreasing degree of pure mining was lower than that of pure digging.However,the new incidence of pneumoconiosis among coal miners will still be in a higher stage recently.