尘肺发病率分析

Analysis of the incidence of pneumoconiosis

目的 研究当前厂矿中尘肺发病率水平。方法 按统一设计方案 ,对 11个厂矿和 1个综合性地区 (辽宁省 )的尘肺发病情况进行回顾性调查。以不同开始接尘年度工龄分布表为基础 ,用寿命表法计算 30年工龄累计尘肺发病率。统一用一次断面采样法和围岩构成加权平均法重新采样分析 ,统计出工种(车间 )历年粉尘平均浓度及游离SiO2 含量。结果 辽宁省的尘肺检出率 5 0年代为 6 .2 9% ;90年代下降到0 .83%。 11个厂矿防尘后开始接尘工人 30年工龄累计尘肺发病率为 0 .0 0 73～ 0 .15 75。尘肺发病率与粉尘浓度、游离SiO2 含量关系密切。SiO2 含量高、粉尘浓度大的金、铜矿和煤矿 (综采 )工人 30年工龄累计尘肺发病率为 0 .1139～ 0 .15 75 ;其次为钼矿、煤矿 (机采 )和耐火材料厂 (0 .0 32 9～ 0 .0 82 7) ;SiO2 含量低、粉尘浓度较小的铁矿和煤矿 (炮采 )为 0 .0 0 73～0 .0 10 5。结论 当前我国尘肺危害仍较严重 ,建议加速立法、制订规划 。

Objective To investigate the level of pneumoconiosis incidence at present. Methods A retrospective study of pneumoconiosis incidence in 11 factories and mines and 1 area(Liaoning Province) by unified design was carried out.Based on exposure time by year and life table,the cumulative pneumoconiosis incidence of 30 year length of service was calculated.Average dust concentration and free SiO 2 content in worksite by year were obtained by cross section sampling and weighted rock composition resampling analysis. Results The detected rate of pneumoconiosis in Liaoning Province in 1950s was 6.29% and decreased to 0.83% in 1990s.The cumulative incidence of 30 year length of service was 0.007 3～0.157 5 in 11 factories and mines.There was a close relation between the incidence and dust concentration,free SiO 2 content.The cumulative incidences were 0.113 9～0.157 5 in gold and copper mine workers,while 0.032 9～0.082 7 in molybdenum mine,coalmine(machine mining) and fire proof material factory,and 0.007 3～0.010 5 in iron mine and coal mine(explosion mining) with lower SiO 2 content and dust concentration. Conclusion The hazards of pneumoconiosis are still serious in China at present.To accelerate legislation and to work out a plan for solving pneumoconiosis are suggested.