高寒牧区三种豆科牧草与燕麦混播的试验研究

Mixed cropping of oat with three leguminous pasture species in alpine pastoral area

在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统开放实验站进行的燕麦与箭舌豌豆、红豆草、毛苕子 3种豆科牧草混播栽培的试验研究 ,采用正交设计及极差分析方法对混播组合作择优评判。结果表明 :红豆草在年均温 - 1.7℃ ,≥ 5℃积温 10 0 0℃ ,海拔 32 0 0 m的高寒地区可与燕麦建立一年生混播割草地。其产量水平高于毛苕子与燕麦混播的草地而与箭舌豌豆与燕麦混播的草地相当。对豆科牧草种 (A)、混作方式 (B)、混播总密度 (C)和混播比例 (D) 4个因素进行择优组合可提高单位面积牧草产量。 4种试验因素对混播草地牧草产量的效应大小依次为 C>A>D>B。本试验最优组合为 5号组合 (A2 B2 C3 D1)。

A mixed cropping experiment of oat with three leguminous pasture species was carried out at the Haibei Research Station under the condition of local alpine meadow ecosystem during the growing season of 1999. An orthogonal design across 4 factors and 3 levels was employed to study the effect on fresh yield of forages by individual species (factor A), sowing ways(factor B), total densities (factor C) and species proportions in the mixture (factor D). It was shown that the mixture of oat with sainfoin established well in the area with an annual mean temperature in the range of -2 ℃～0 ℃, an accumulated temperature (≥5 ℃) of 1 000 ℃ and an altitude of 3 200 meters. The yield of the above mixture was equivalent to the mixture of oat with common vetch and higher than the mixture of oat with hairy vetch. The effects of the 4 factors on the yield was in an order as C>A>D>B. The No.5 mixture (A 2B 2C 3D 1) proved to be the best.