试论基础教育的终身学习化取向

A Tentative Discussion on Elementary Education Orienting to Lifelong Learning

很少有人把基础教育与终身学习挂钩 ,但是基础教育和高等教育、成人教育等同属于终身学习体系的组成部分。为此 ,必须以终身学习理念对基础教育的教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、评价方法进行整体的重建 。

Whenever they mention lifelong education or lifelong learning, people will connect them with adult learning or vocational training. Very few would think of elementary education. Yet as Paul Lengrand said, 'Lifelong education is a recycling system. Only when people receive a good, sensible education in their childhood, can lifelong education becomes the reality. Primary and secondary education, in a childs formative years play an important role in whether he or she will be in pursuit of learning in his or her lifelong time. A conventional way viewing the time of receiving elementary education as a fixed period in ones life devoted solely in learning. The function of elementary education thus is defined as a preparation for further education or a preliminary must for jobs. Yet is a lifelong education system, elementary education will become an overture playing a decisive part in ones life. This requires a radical change in the concept of elementary education. A good preparation orienting to lifelong education should be an important goal of elementary education. There is a great gap between the existing situation of our elementary education and the need of lifelong education. First, our concept of education remains backward in terms of Zeitgeist, which emphasizes basic knowledge and skills, neglecting the cultivation of childs desire to learn and his learnability. Our daily practice is far fetching from lifelong learning. It is not rare to see that young pupils are forced to learn at school and overburdened with their learning tasks to cope with examinations and the pressure of entering university. If we want to give our children a good educational background, which benefits them for their lifelong time, we must rebuild and integrate our educational system. We must make it our persistent goal to build up a fully developed personality which is complete and sustaining, adopting a variety of teaching activities to enable our children to get knowledge and information through a variety of ways so as to get prepared for lifelong learning. We must stop cramming in class, taking approaches which regard the students as the principle part of teaching and learning, bring out active learning in students and help to foster the students learnability. We must set up an evaluation system based on the concept of lifelong learning to judge the teacher, the student and the school, showing more concern to an active state of mind in learning rather than the action of learning itself, which means a lot to social as well as individual development. Above all, to realize the concept of lifelong education, we should start from the stage of elementary education.