潜艇内放射性气溶胶浓度及粒度分布的测定与评价

Determination and evaluation of radioactive aerosol concentration and its particle size distribution in the submarine

目的 为估算艇员内照射剂量和评价吸入危害防护提供参数。方法 用 DK - 2 A空气采样器在艇内各舱室采样 ,通过α、β放射性计数测量并计算艇内放射性气溶胶的浓度 ,使用 WM— 2型级联撞击器测定了艇内 舱和 舱的放射性气溶胶粒度分布。结果 潜艇水下航行时 ,艇内的放射性气溶胶逐渐升高 ;气溶胶粒度的活度中值空气动力学直径 (AMAD)的平均值是 (0 .2 2± 0 .0 2 )μm;几何标准偏差的平均值是 (2 .5 7± 0 .2 5 )。结论 潜艇水下航行的时间是影响艇员内照射剂量的重要因素 ;气溶胶粒度的谱型是由小粒子占优势的分布较窄的多分散相 ;气溶胶的粒度分布与其浓度的变化无关。

Objective To estimate the internal exposure dose and the inhalation risk of radioactive aerosol to the submariners and offer some health protection parameters for the designing of new type submarine. Methods Air samples from the submarine cabins were taken by DK 2A air sampler and the concentrations of the radioactive aerosol were measured by means of α、β radioactive counting; and the particle size distribution of the radioactive aerosol in the Ⅲ and Ⅴ cabins were determined by the WM 2 cascade impactor. Results The concentration of the aerosol increased progressively in the submarine during under sea navigation. The mean particle size of the aerosol′s activity medium aerodynamic diameter(AMAD) was (0.22±0 02) μm and that of geometric standard deviation(σ g) was(2.57±0 25). Conclusions The navigatation time of submarine under sea is the main factor influencing the internal exposure dose of the submariners. The aerosol particle spectrum is consisted of some dispersed phases of small size particle whose distribution is narrow and is hazardous for inhalation. There is no relation ship between the particle size distribution of the aerosol and its concentration change.