颅脑外伤患者的营养支持进展

Progress of Nutritional Support in Traumatic Brain Injury

重型颅脑外伤后机体处于高代谢状态。如不及时补充营养 ,能量消耗 ( EE)及需求量增大 ,肌蛋白大量分解 ,机体出现高尿氮和负氮平衡 ,体重下降 ,免疫力下降 ,容易导致感染的发生和发展 ,从而使脑外伤的死亡率和伤残率增加。在脑外伤早期治疗原发病的同时进行积极、合理的营养支持治疗不仅可以改善全身的代谢状况 ,使体内蛋白保持一定水平 ,减低负氮平衡 ,而且又能提高细胞免疫功能 ,增强机体抵抗力 ,减少并发症的发生 ,促进神经功能的恢复 ,降低脑外伤的死残率。

Basic metabolism significantly increases after trauma in severe head injured patients.Energy consumption and proteolysis increases, which causes negative nitrogen balance,loss of body weight, decrease of immunofunction, increase of infection and final increase of mortality and morbidity if early nutritional support is neglected.On the contrary,early nutritional support contributes greatly to improving metabolic status,increasing immunofunction,decreasing complications, promoting neurological functions and reducing the mortality and morbidity of severe head injury.