幼龄橄榄开花结实初步调查

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE FLOWERING AND FRUITING CHARACTERS OF YOUNG OLIVE ( CANARIUM ALBUM )

20 0 0年在高州对幼龄橄榄开花结实进行调查 ,结果如下 :春梢萌发期不同 ,成花株率、成花梢率、每梢花穗数和中穗花蕾数相差相当悬殊 ,在 2月中旬至 3月上旬萌发的春梢 ,其各种成花指标均居最高 ;成花株率、成花梢率、每梢花芽数、每梢存果穗数、每梢存果数随树龄的增大而明显增加 ;不同农家品种橄榄的成花挂果特性有很大差异 ,要提高橄榄园产量 ,选用优良品种是关键 ;母枝粗壮 ,枝上叶片浓密、较大、浓绿色、厚而硬的榄树 ,有利于成花挂果 ,其各种成花指标较高 ;花芽数、中穗花蕾数与结果母梢径粗分别呈极显著正向线性相关 (相关系数分别为 0 .831 和 0 .91 6 ) ;经营管理水平高低对橄榄成花有显著影响 ,特别是立地条件较差的榄园 ,精细管理更显得迫切与重要 。

The investigation was made on the young olive( Canarium album ) in Gaozhou city. It is found that the rate of flowering plant, rate of flowering branch, flower cluster number per branch and flower bud number in middle flower cluster are greatly different due to the sprouting period of bud in spring, and are among the highest level when the sprouting period is from middle February to early March. The rate of flowering plant, rate of flowering branch, flower bud number per branch, fruit cluster number per branch, fruit number per branch increase obviously as the tree age increase. Different variety of olive has obvious different flowering and fruiting characters. Choose the best variety is the key to increase the yield. The plant with strong branch, and thick, large, hard, dense green leaf is better for the flowering and fruiting. The flower bud number and flower bud number in middle cluster are correlate with the branch diameter (the coefficients of correlative are 0.831 ** and 0.916 ** separately). The management level markedly affects the olive flowering, especially in the poor soil condition, and fine cultivation appear more essential there. Nutrient supply and the control should be given in time.\;