车辆振动试验的计算机仿真

Vibration Test Simulation of Vehicles

本文介绍了美国70t贷车在振动试验台上进行强迫振动试验时的计算机仿真模型。该仿真模型描述了被试车辆在轮对上施加垂直和横向的强迫振动时,车体和摇枕的动力响应以及悬挂系统中的能量损耗。仿真模型中考虑了库仑摩擦和死区等非线性因素,并详细介绍了使用滑块—弹簧模型对库仑摩擦进行仿真的方法。仿真模型的输入激励可以是任意的线路工况,也可以选用程序中所产生的三种典型迫振工况。最后比较了仿真模型的计算结果和实测车辆的振动工况。

This paper describes the computer simulation model of the 70 t freight car under the test conditions at the Vibration Test Unit. The model simulates the dynamic respone and the energy dissipation of the freight car when vertical and lateral motions are imposed on the wheel set. Nonlineari-ties such as coulomb friction and dead zones in the simulation model, are considered. Coulomb friction is implemented using the slider-spring model and is introduced in detail. The model allows any track conditions or 3 kinds of developed perturbation to be exerted on it. Finally the computer results of the simulation model are compared with the vibration test results.