舌动脉的解剖特点与舌根中线部分切除术的关系

Anatomic characteristics of linqual artery and midline glossectomy

目的 观察舌动脉的走行、比邻及其主干与舌表面各标志的关系 ,以指导舌根中线手术 ,提高手术安全性。方法 8具 (16侧 )颌面部发育正常成人尸头标本 ,颈总动脉灌注红色乳胶。①解剖观察舌动脉的起源、走行 ;②以舌骨舌肌为界将舌动脉分为 3段 ,对各段的长度及其邻近结构进行观测。③以舌盲孔、舌盲孔前 5mm和 10mm、舌盲孔后 10mm及舌根与会厌谷粘膜分界处为标志 ,分别测量舌动脉主干距舌中线及舌表面的距离。结果 舌动脉全长为 (92 .88± 13 .5 3)mm ;其中第 1段为 (4 0 .44± 5 .79)mm ,第 2段为 (18.33± 3.32 )mm ,第 3段为 (38.33± 7.74)mm。舌动脉主干在舌盲孔前 10mm和 5mm、舌盲孔、舌盲孔后 10mm、舌根与会厌谷分界处距舌中线的距离分别为 (7.78±3 .15 )mm ,(8.5 6± 3.5 7)mm、(11.0 0± 4.95 )mm、(13 .0 0± 3.2 8)mm、(15 .2 2± 3.11)mm ,距舌表面的距离分别为 :(2 2 .5 6± 7.81)mm、(2 2 .11± 6 .74)mm、(2 1.44± 5 .5 9)mm、(16 .5 6± 5 .5 7)mm、(2 .5 6±0 .73)mm。结论 舌骨大角上方 10mm范围内为寻找舌动脉的首选位置 ,在行舌根中线部分切除术时 ,在舌根与会厌谷粘膜分界处最易伤及舌动脉主干 ,切除范围在舌中线两侧 7mm、舌表面下 10mm范围内 ,可防止舌动脉的损伤。

Objective To investigate the relationship between anatomic characteristics of linqual artery and midline glossectomy, for the purpose of increasing operative safety. Methods ⑴16 extraoral dissections of the submandibular region were performed on 8 human cadavers and to observe the origin and distribution of lingual artery .⑶The lingual artery was divided into three segments ,and the length and adjacent organs were observed and measured. Results The whole length of linqual artery was (92.88±13.53) mm; At points of foramen cecum of the tongue, 5 mm and 10 mm prior to foramen cecum, 10 mm behind foramen cecum ,and at adjacent part between root of the tongue and epiglottic vallecula ,the distances between linqual artery and midline of the tongue were separately measured. The distances were (11.00±4.95) mm, (8.56±3.51) mm, (7.78 ±3.15) mm, (13.00±3.28) mm, (15.22±3.11) mm. The distances between linqual artery and the surface of tongue were (21.4±5.59) mm, (22.11±6.74) mm, (22.56±7.81) mm, (16.56±5.57) mm, (2.56±0.73) mm respectively. Conclusion During the midline glossectomy, the linqual artery is easier to be damaged at the position where the root of tongue adjoining epiglottic vallecala. The operation should be done within 10 mm below the surface, 7 mm lateral to the midline , to avoid the damage of linqual artery.