我国西北地区主要生态环境问题及其解决对策

Fundamental Ecological and Environmental Problems and Its Countermeasures in Northwestern China

本文从西北地区生态环境现状及发展趋势角度，分析了制约西北地区发展诸如水土流失、荒漠化、水资源和干旱、生态资源安全、滑坡及泥石流等自然地质灾害、生态系统退化、点面源环境污染、区域发展的协调性等的主要环境问题。并针对这些问题，从可持续发展的角度，提出解决对策。着重探讨了西北干旱、半干旱及荒漠地区退化生态系统的形成机制及恢复措施。其目的是为西北地区生态环境综合整治和生态重建提供理论依据和技术途径。

This paper deals with the current situation and developmental trend of ecological environment in the northwest area. It analyzes the main ecological problems which restrict the development of the northwestern area, such as soil erosion, desertification, drought, water resources and ecological resources security, natural geologic disasters (landslide and mud rock flow), the degradation of ecological systems, environmental pollution of point or area sources, and the harmony of regional development. Aiming at these problems, this paper presents countermeasures from the sustainable development. It also emphasizes the forming mechanism and the recovery measures of the retrogressive ecosystems in the arid, semi－ arid and desert areas in the northwestern area. Its purpose is to present the theoretical references and technological methods for the ecological rebuildment of ecological environment in the northwestern area.