知识与发展:中国新的追赶策略

Knowledge and Development: China's New Catch-up Strategy

就全世界而言,现代化过程是各国相互关联、相互竞争、相互发展的过程。在这一历史过程中,许多国家后来居上,实现追赶或超过现代化的先行国。从现代化角度看,国家可分为先行国和后进国、先进国和落后国、追赶者和落伍者;从技术进步角度看,可分为创新者和追赶者、主导者和模仿者。所谓落后,是指一种相对落后状态;所谓后进国,也是指处于相对落后状态的国家。按格申克龙(A.Gerschenkron)的观点,后进国与其说是经济发展水平相对落后的国家,还不如说是发动工业化和进入工业化时间相对滞后的国家。

Knowledge has become the most important factor for development, including the growth of economy, human development and the social transition. The largest gap between China and developed countries is the knowledge gap rather than the economic one. Knowledge gap is the most serious bottleneck for devel- opment of China. The strategy, of 'knowledge development' should be the preferential policy, which aims to narrow the knowledge gap between China anti developed countries, then bridges the economic and social development gaps.