不同降水年份渭北旱塬小麦高产栽培优化模式研究

High Yielding Cultivation Optimal Model of Wheat in Weibei Rainfed Highland in Dry Years or Rich Rainfall Years

根据两年的多因素旋转回归设计试验资料，按不同降水年份，对陕西渭北旱塬小麦高产栽培的优化模式进行了研究。结果表明，试验中各因素对小麦产量影响的顺序为：氮肥＞＞播期＞密度＞磷肥。不同的降水年份，小麦高产栽培的优化方案不同。干旱年份，要适期晚播、合理密植、重施磷肥少施氮肥，亩产高于２００ｋｇ的方案是：播期９月２６～３０日、密度１７．５～２０万苗／亩、Ｎ７～９．５ｋ／亩、Ｐ２Ｏ５７．５～１０．５ｋｇ／亩。丰水年份，要适期早播、加大密度、重施氮肥少施磷肥，亩产高干４００ｋｇ的方案是：播期９月１７～１９日、密度２０～２２万苗／亩、Ｎ９．５～１１．５ｋｇ／亩、Ｐ２Ｏ５４～６ｋｇ／亩。

Based on two year’s data of multi-factor rotational regression design tests in different rainfall years ,this paper deals with the high yielding cultivation optical model of wheat in Weibei Rainfed Highland.The results show that the sequences ofeach factor affecting wheat yield are N fertilizer>seeding stage>planting desity>p fer-tilizer. In different rainfall years,the optimal cultivation model of wheat is very differ-ent.In the dry year,attention should be paid to early sowing in right time ,rationalclose planting ,more P fertilizer application and less N fertilizer application; the optimalmodel of wheat with yield over 200 kg/mu is :seeding date 26/9～30/9 D/M; plantingdensity of 17.5～20 seedings 104/mu; N fertilizer 7～9. 5 kg/mu;P2O5 fertilizer of 7.5～10.5 kg/mu.In rich rainfall year, attention shpuld be paid to late sowing in righttime,incressing density and heavy N fertilizer application but less P fertilizer applica-tion.The optimal model of wheat yield over 400 kg/mu is:seeding date 17/9～19/9D/M,planting desity 20～22 seedings 104/mu,N9.5～11.5 kg/mu,and P2O54～6kg/ mu.