中世纪西欧农村手工业的起源和特点

The Origins and Characteristics of Rural Handicraft in Western Europe in the Middle Ages

中世纪西欧农村手工业有两个不同的渊源 ,一是古代罗马的 ,二是各日耳曼民族的。这两个传统在西欧各区域的经济中得到了体现。西欧农村手工业并不像从前人们想象的那样简单 ,其在中世纪发展的三个阶段上表现各异 ,而且显示了它的复杂性。在中世纪 ,西欧农村手工业的主要特点反映在生产目的、生产者的地位、组织生产的形式、与市镇的共生关系以及产品的市场化等方面。

In the Middle Ages,the rural handicraft of the Western Europe had two different origins: ancient Rome and Germanic nations.The two traditions were shown in the economy of the every region of the Western Europe.The rural handicraft of the Western Europe was not simple as people used to think, and its medieval development may be divided into three phases that displayed its variety and complication.The main characteristics of rural handicraft in the Western Europe appear in the productive aims,the status of handicraftsmen,the productive forms,the relation with towns,and the markets of products,etc.