欧洲单一市场对欧盟成员国贸易流动和产业区位的影响

The Impacts of European Single Market on EU Trade Flow and Industrial Location

自 1 993年正式实施单一市场计划以来 ,欧盟内部贸易和产业区位发生了许多变化 ,但是没有出现工业向相对发达地区集中 ,从而导致国家和地区之间收入分配和生活水平差异的扩大。相反 ,单一市场计划在一定程度上促进了欧盟成员国之间的收入趋同。这主要是由于单一市场的建立促进了资源的更优配置 ,加剧了竞争 ,提高了效率 ,更充分地利用了规模经济 ,使得欧盟内部贸易的流量和结构以及直接投资都发生了有利于产业更合理地分布以降低成本、提高效率方面的变化 ,而不是单向地朝发达地区集中。

Since the single market programme came into effect in 1993, community's internal trade and industrial location have changed, but there is no sign of the industrial concentration toward relatively developed areas, which causes the divergence of income distribution and living standard among EU member states. On the contrary, the single market programme has, to some extent, promoted the convergence of income distribution. This is mainly due to the fact that the emergence of the single market has improved resource allocation, intensified competition, raised productivity and scale economy. All these have turned EU internal trade flows, structure and foreign direct investment to a more rational relocation of industries instead of simply the industrial concentration within EU, so that costs can be reduced and productivity can be improved.