全国第二次土壤普查与土壤肥料科学的发展

THE SECOND NATIONWIDE GENERAL SOIL SURVEY AND THE DEVELOPMENTS IN SOIL AND FERTILIZER SCIENCES

建国40年,中国开展了两次全国土壤普查。本文简要回顾了第一次全国土壤普查,着重综述全国第二次土壤普查在发展土壤肥料科学方面的成就。全国第二次土壤普查是《1979—1985年全国科学技术发展规划纲要(草案)》重点科技研究项目内容之一,在科技顾问组的指导下,采用新的大比例尺地形图和遥感、测试、微型电子计算机等调查制图和化验手段,取得丰硕的科研成果。对于发展中国土壤分类科学、充实了土壤基层分类的基本单元,建立土壤测试网络、改进土壤分析方法以及普查成果在制订农业区划、科学施肥、土壤改良、基地建设等方面广泛应用,为发展农林牧业生产服务。并对土壤普查中建立的土壤肥力监测网作了论述。本文从一个侧面反映了中国土壤肥料学科的发展。

During forty years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, there have been two nationwide general soil surveys conducted in China. This article presents a brief review of the first nationwide soil general survey, and paid a substantial content in summing up the achievements in the second nationwide general soil survey and the developments of soil and fertilizer sciences. The second nationwide general, soil survey is one of the prority projects in the National Planning Programme for Science and Technology Developments, 1979—1985 (a draft plan). Under the direction of the Science and Technology Advisory Group, great achievements have been acquired by using greater scale topographic map, remote sensing, micro-computer, new testing method and other investigation, mapping and analysis techniques. These achievements would give great contributions to the development of soil classification science through replenishing the basic units of primary level soil classification, promote the establishment of soil test network, and lmprove the soil analysis methods. The soil survey results will be widely used in agricultural district divisions planning, adoption of scientific fertilizer application, soil improvement and the establishment of production bases for particular farm products of crop, forestry and animal productions. The article also discusses about the soil fertility monitoring network established during conducting soil general survey. In short, it psesents one aspect of the development of soil and fertilizer sciences in China.