我国蔬菜种质资源科研的主要成就与展望

MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS AND OUTLOOK ON RESEARCH OF VEGETABLE GERMPLASM

本文回顾了建国以来,尤其是近十年来蔬菜种质资源科学研究所取得的成就,包括地方品种的搜集、保存、鉴定、利用、野生资源考察和国外引种。我国栽培的蔬菜种类有200余种,常见的有110种,其中起源于我国的有50余种。近年来国家组织全国20多个省、市、自治区的科研单位征集到蔬菜地方品种万余份,并分批存入国家种质资源长期贮存库及相应的数据库;国家还组织了13个科研、教学单位对大白菜、黄瓜、辣椒、菜豆4种蔬菜共5000份地方品种进行营养品质和13种病害的抗病性鉴定。十年来仅我所就引进国外品种5000余份,有些良种已在生产上直接利用,有些作为抗病材料用于育种。通过云南、西藏、湖北神农架地区的蔬菜种质资源考察,搜集到一批珍贵的地方品种和近缘野生种,丰富了我国的蔬菜种质资源。近期内其研究方向仍以搜集、保存、鉴定、利用为主。

In this overview we intend to outline the major achievements of vegetables germplasm research since founding of the People's Republic of China, mainly in recent 10 years, including collection, storage, eva-luation and utilization of local varities and investigation of the wild species and introduction from abroad. In China there are more than 200, varieties of cultivated vegetables in which 110 varieties of vegeta-bles were common, and more than 50 species were origin from China. we organized more than 20 research units of different provinces and autonomous regions and collected more than 10,000 local vegetables culti-vars in recent years.It is putting in national long-term Gene Bank and controlled by computer. We organized 13 institutes and universities for evaluating of nutritional quality and 13 diseases resistances for 5000 cultivars of Chinese cabbages,cucumbers,peppers and snap beans. There were more than 5000 cultivars introduced from abroad. Some of them haVe been extended in production, some were used as breeding ma-terial for disease resistance. We have investigated wild vegetable species in Yunan, Tibet, Hubei provinces, and have collected some valuable local cultivars and related wild species. These works enriched the vegetables germplasm in our country. In near future our task is still mainly to collect, store, evaluate and utilize vegetables germplasm,