旱肥地小麦高产优质施肥问题的研究

Studies on Fertilization of High-yield and Fine Quality Winter Wheat in Dry and Fertile Farmland

旱肥地施氮肥饱和量试验,单施氮、磷及氮磷配比试验,不同生育期喷施尿素液试验表明:小麦高产与优质同步提高的施氮范围为亩施0～9kg;亩施氮量<7.5kg时,作返青肥效益>基肥;增施氮肥对产量与品质均具良好效果,磷肥对产量有利,对品质影响不大;开花期喷施3％尿素液对提高品质最佳。据此提出了亩产400～450kg,品质达1～2级优质小麦标准的合理施肥方案。

The trials were conducted of saturated N fertilization, single N and P fertilization, and N and P mixtured fertilization as well as spraying urea solution in different growing periods. The trial results showed that N application in syncronous increase in winter wheat yield and grain quality ranged from zero to nine kg/mu. When N application per mu was less than 7.5kg as the fertilizer efficency in the reviving growth (more than base fertilizer), increasing N application had a good effect upon wheat yield and quality. As a result, Pfertilizer was favourable to the yields and had little effect on the quality, when in flowering stage, spraying of 3% of urea solution can best improve wheat quality on the basis of which the rational fertilizer application scheme for 400-450kg/mu and 1-2 fine quality classes of winter wheat is suggested in this paper.