抽象性问题及其意义——对刑法领域法治立场的初步考察

Abstract Issues and Their Significance ——A Preliminary Investigation of the Position of Rule by Law in the Area of the Criminal Law

刑法客观主义的理论旨趣是将具有自由意志的社会一般人的抽象行为及其实害作为价值评判的对象 ,这就使得抽象性问题得以凸现。刑法客观主义对抽象人、抽象行为的特别关注和对抽象研究方法的情有独钟既有知识论的背景 ,又是出于合理安排惩罚策略的考虑。刑法客观主义由此在很大程度上与法治立场相契合。刑法客观主义的抽象性立场自 1 9世纪以来就面临刑法主观主义的尖锐批评 ,但是 ,完全抛弃对犯罪的抽象性思考方法并不能建构有说服力的刑法理论体系 ,刑法客观主义抽象性问题对于中国刑法学发展的意义在今天已经开始显示出来。

The theory of criminal objectivity suggests that value judgements be made on the basis of the abstract actions of ordinary people and the actual harm they cause. The focus of criminal objectivity on abstract man, abstract behavior and abstract methodology constitutes an intellectual approach which is designed to rationalize punishment strategy. To a large extent criminal objectivity is therefore consistent with rule by law. Although since the 19th century the abstract nature of criminal objectivity has been sharply criticized by those who support criminal subjectivity, it has proved impossible to construct a convincing theoretical criminal law system without the use of abstract methods in the study of criminal offenses. The implications of the abstract nature of criminal objectivity for the development of criminal jurisprudence are beginning to loom large in China.