大麦β-淀粉酶的杂种优势与相关研究

Hybrid Vigor of β-amylase and Correlated Studies in Barley

β-淀粉酶活性在被测40个大麦品种间差异较大,高的在1.681mg麦芽糖/0.8mg麦粉,低的在0.6266mg麦芽糖单位左右.F/T的比例在10.46—53%之间,籽粒中β-淀粉酶活性与千粒重无关.具有相同电泳图谱的二棱大麦品种之间杂交,杂种F_1和F_2籽粒的β-淀粉酶水平均超过双亲,F/T的比例都在50%以上,最高达78.26%,具有明显的杂种优势.7个组合的正反交结果基本一致,从而证实β-淀粉酶是由核基因控制的.杂种的麦芽糖化力水平也显示与β-淀粉酶相应的杂种优势.这为选育高糖化力的啤酒大麦品种提供了依据.

The level of β-amylase activity of 40 two-rowed barley cultivars ranged from 0.6266 to 1.681 mg maltose in each 0.8 mg flour. The proportion of free to total β-amylase (F/T) was from 10.46% to 53.91%. Correlation analysis showed that β-amylase activity was not correlated with 1000-kernel weight (r=0.0647). It is interesting that the level of β-amylase activity, F/T ratio and malt diastatic power of hybrids exceed their parents considerably. The results of the transgressive hybrid vigor in F1 and F2 indicated that it may be derived from the interaction of additive and dominance genes.