卧床期间体表温度和心率节律的动态变化

Dynamic Changes in Body Surface Temperature and Heart Rate Rhythm During Bed-Rest

由于生理节律与人体生理系统的稳定性调节状态有密切关系,考察在模拟失重时生理节律的动态变化是航天生理医学的一个重要方面。本文研究了6名健康青年被试者在15天头低位4°卧床的第2、第7和第14天中体表温度(BT)和心率活动(HR)的昼夜及超昼夜节律变化。在测试的的三个昼夜中,每20分钟同时记录一次6名被试者的BT和HR数据。三个体表温度传感器分别置于被试者的胸及腹部,取三点的三次读数的均值为一个BT数据。心率以记录在磁带机(SONY A69)上的ECG信号脱机计算。用FFT方法计算BT及HR的波动在24小时内的功率谱,并对三个测试日的功率谱进行逐点统计比较。用256阶非递归数字滤波方法将BT及HR的昼夜节律及12小时节律滤出,用相关方法得出它们在不同被试者之间及不同测试日之间的同步性,在对相关系数进行统计比较时,先进行z变换,即z=1/2×1n[(1+r)/(1-r)]。结果得出,除功率最大的昼夜节律外,BT和HR均含有丰富的超昼夜节律,在24—1.5小时范围内随节律周期变短,BT节律功率皆比其相邻的较长周期的节律显著下降,而HR节律的功率随周期的下降的一致性较差,仅12小时和3小时节律的功率分别三天一致地显著小于24小时及3.43小时的节律。BT与HR节律的另一重要差别,表现在1.33—1.09小时范围BT有一个超昼夜节律群,而HR却无。BT和HR的24小时节律在不同被试者之间及不同测试日之间均有较高的同步性,但HR的12小时节律的同步性显著大于BT。在卧床的第2天,BT和HR典型节律的功率显著小于第7天和第14天,如BT的昼夜节律,HR的12小时和3.43小时节律,BT的1.09—1.33 小时节律群不如第7天,更不如第14天时显著、一致,BT的昼夜节律的同步性亦偏低。上述结果表明,虽然BT和HR节律有不同的调节机制,HR活动与机体的睡眠一觉醒及休息一活动周期关系更密切,但在卧床初期均发生一定程度的紊乱,而在第7天时已基本适应.第14天时则可认为达到新的稳态。这一适应过程提示,在航天初期几天内机体功能的紊乱是广泛而深刻的,此期间空间适应综合症的发生很可能与此有一定的联系。

The diurnal and ultradiurnal rhythms of body surface temperature (BT) and heart rate (HR) were studied on the 2nd, 7th and 14th day of bed-rest in 6 healthy subjects with normal social time schedule. The BT and HR data were recorded every 20 min. The power spectra of BT and HR activities recorded on each measured day and the synchronousness of 24h and 12 h rhythms of both BT and HR were analyzed statistically and compared among different subjects as well as different measured days. It was found that in addition to the circadian rhythm,the 1.09-1.33 h rhythm complex in BT and 3.4 h rhythm in HR also appeared. The power of some typical rhythms in BT and HR and the synchronousness of BT circadian rhythms recorded on the 2nd day of bed-rest were significantly less than those recorded on the 7th and/or the 14th day. The results suggest that to some extent disorders of the BT and HR rhythm are induced at least on the second day of bed-rest and recovered between the 7th and 14th day.