胸腹部对气流吹袭的动态响应

Dynamic Response of Thorax and Abdomen to Windblast

本文研究了动物胸腹部对气流吹袭的动态响应。共用了9头猪、5条狗和6只猴。实验是在发动机试车台上进行的,用来模拟从飞机上应急弹射时的气流吹袭。动压q_c的范围为47.1～81.4kPa.损伤严重性用AIS(Abbreviated Injury Scale)来定量。在这些实验中记录了胸内压和腹内压。还用电影摄影方法测量了胸部挠度。结果表明,在这样的q_c范围内,猪胸腹部损伤为AIS 4或AIS 5。猴的损伤为AIS 0到AIS 1。狗损伤的AIS值为1到3。胸部峰值挠度和胸部压缩随q_c增加而增大。动物胸部压缩达到34.9%～57.0%。大多数猪都有多处骨折,但狗和猴没有发生肋骨骨折。当动物弹射进入气流时,它们的胸内压(P_x)和腹内压(P_f)迅速升高,但P_x和P_f与q_c的相关不显著。

This study investigated the dynamic response of animal thorax and abdomen to windblast. Nine pigs, five dogs and six monkeys were used in the experiments made on the engine—test bench to simulate windblast during emergency ejection from aircraft. The range of the dynamic pressure q_c was 47. 1 to 81.4 kPa. The severity of injuries was quantified with AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale). Intrathoracic pressure and intraabdominal pressure were recorded. Chest deflection was measured with high speed cinematography. Results showed that within the observed range of q_c the thoracic and abdominal injuries in pigs were AIS 4 or AIS 5. The injuries in monkeys were AIS 0 or 1. The AIS val- ues in dogs were 1 to 3. Peak deflections of the chest and thoracic compressions increased with q_c. The thoracic compressions of animals reached 34.9% to 57.0%. There were multiple rib fractures in most of the pigs, while no fracture was observed in dogs and monkeys. When animals were ejected into the air flow, their intrathoracic pressure(p_x) and intraabdominal pressure (p_f) rose rapidly, but correlations of p_x and p_f with q_c were insignificant.