评苏联核动力厂安全总则ОПБ-88

A Review of Soviet General Safety Regulation for Nuclear Power Plants ОПБ-88

本文评述苏联从1990年7月1日起执行的核动力厂新的安全法规ОПБ-88。新的法规有许多新内容和新要求,本文评述其中有重大发展的原则,这些原则包括纵深防御原则;超设计基准事故;定量安全目标;概率分析要求;安全素养;质量保证;设备的核安全分级;对营运单位的要求;安全许可证制度;以及设计的基本安全原则。新法规的贯彻执行将对苏联核动力厂的安全提高到国际水平有重大推动作用。

The Soviet general safety regulation for nuclear power plants -88 has been effective since July 1, 1990. The important basic safety priciples and new requirements decribed in this reg- ulations are reviewed in this paper. Those regulations include defense in depth, beyond DBAS, quantitative safety goals, probability analysis requirement,safety culture, quality assurance, safety classification of equipments, requirements to operation organization, license system and design principles for safety. The implementation of the new regulations will push the safety of soviet nuclear power plants to the international level.