tRNA介导蛋白质工程

tRNA-mediated protein engineering(TRAMPE)

在遗传信息从DNA到蛋白质流动的过程中 ,tRNA携带特异的氨基酸参与蛋白质合成 ,对于维持蛋白质翻译的忠实性起着非常重要的作用。生物体内共有 2 0种氨酰tRNA合成酶 ,每一种均对应于一种氨基酸和一个tRNA类型。但是这种翻译过程仅仅限于 2 0种天然氨基酸 ,因此在进行传统的蛋白质工程研究时常常受到限制。事实上 ,在蛋白质工程中借助于校正tRNA定点掺入非天然氨基酸可以提供蛋白质的结构信息 ,改进蛋白质检测与分离的方法 ,甚至赋予蛋白质某些新的特性。随着生物技术的发展和完善 ,tRNA介导蛋白质工程将不仅在蛋白质工程中发挥潜能 ,而且在研制新型生物材料和疾病诊断及药物治疗方面起到推动作用。

During the genetic information flow from DNA to proteins,tRNAs mediate protein synthesis with specific amino acid at its 3′ terminus,which is of pivotal role in maintaining the fidelity of protein translation.Each organism has 20 aminoacyl\|tRNA synthetases,each corresponding to an amino acid and its cognate tRNA.However,the translation process is circumvented in traditional protein engineering due to restriction of 20 natural amino acids.In fact,by virture of orthogonal suppressor tRNA,site\|directed non\|natural amino acid replacement(site\|directed NAAR)in predetermined sites in proteins can provide important structural information or greatly enhance the efficiency of protein assay and isolation.It can even creat proteins with some new chemical activities.TRAMPE will definitely be potential in the protein engineering,novel biomaterials,clinical diagnosis and therapy.\;