卫生服务的效率及其测量

Efficiency of health services and its measurement

效率是卫生服务部门经济学评价的重要原则之一 ,包括 3层含义 :技术效率、成本 效果和配置效率 ,文章阐述了对有关概念的不同理解及各种测量方法。常用以下方法测量技术效率 :比率分析法、秩和比法、综合指数法和数据包络分析 (DEA)等 ;用生产函数来测量经济效率 ;用成本效果分析(CEA)、成本效用分析 (CUA)和成本效益分析 (CBA)评价成本结果。评价配置效率的指标主要有 :医疗和预防服务的比例、基本医疗和非基本医疗服务的比例、卫生总费用的流向等。

Efficiency, one of the key principles of economic assessment in the health service sector, has three implications: technical efficiency, cost efficiency and allocation efficiency. The paper gives an account of the various interpretations of some relevant concepts and different assessment methods. The following methods are frequently used to measure technical efficiency: ratio analysis, CPD, comprehensive index, DEA, etc. Economic efficiency is measured by production function while CEA, CUA and CBA are used to assess cost result. The major indexes for assessing allocation efficiency include the proportion between medical and preventive services, the proportion between basic and non basic medical services and the flow direction of total health expenses.