猪的选种方法概述

Brief Description of Pig Breed Selection Methods

本文较为详细地阐述了各种选种方法的产生及其应用特点。随着人类社会的进步 ,猪的自然选择逐步为人工选择所替代。而数学、统计学、遗传学等基础学科的不断发展 ,带动了群体遗传学、数量遗传学及分子遗传学的发展 ,猪的表型选择、遗传参数的应用、指数选择、BLUP法、遗传标记辅助选择等多种选种方法相继问世 ,并在猪育种实践中得到广泛应用。在应用中 ,各种选育方法各有特点 ,但其本质是一致的 ,即选出具有优良性状的基本个体。因此 ,选种方法的发展趋势将由表观转向微观 ,由间接选择转向直接选择 。

In this paper,the production and application of pig breed selection methods are described detailedly.With human beings society development,artificial selection has taken the place of natural selection step by step.The development of basic science such as Mathematics Statistics,Gentics and etc,brought about the rapid development of applied science such as Group Gentics,Quantitative Gentics,Molecular Gentics and so on.Afterwards,many pig breed selection methods such as appearance selection,gentic parameter application,index selection,BLUP,gentic mark selection and etc.appearad.Then these methods have been widely applied in breeding by now.Each method of all has their own characters,But they are agreement in essence.In other Word,the animal with the gene hoped by people will be chosen by using every method.Therefore,the developing direction of pig breed selection has become from external to internal,from indirectly to directly.Certainly,the selective response will has been improved rapidly.